The present study aims to explain the effect of predictive factors on the effectiveness of modern supervision in insurance companies, emphasizing the mediating role of modern supervision processes and the moderating role of digital maturity and organizational culture. This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in nature, and was conducted using the structural equation modeling approach based on partial least squares (PLS-SEM). The statistical population of the study includes managers, information technology experts, performance monitoring and evaluation experts, and officials of technology and supervision-related units in 33 insurance companies in the country, whose number was estimated at 165 people. Based on the Cochran formula, the sample size was determined as 116 people and the questionnaires were randomly distributed. Data were collected using a questionnaire and a five-point Likert scale and analyzed with SmartPLS software. The research findings showed that predictive factors including regulatory digital transformation, data security and governance, and information infrastructure integrity have a positive and significant effect on the effectiveness of modern supervision processes and ultimately on the efficiency of modern supervision. Also, the effectiveness of modern supervision processes plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between predictors and supervision efficiency. The results of the moderating effects indicate that digital maturity and organizational culture significantly strengthen the intensity of the relationships between the variables; in such a way that the largest moderating effect is assigned to the relationship between organizational culture and the effectiveness of modern supervision processes. Accordingly, a simultaneous focus on promoting digital maturity, strengthening innovative organizational culture and developing integrated information infrastructures can play an effective role in improving the efficiency of modern supervision in the insurance industry.